Growth and Nutritional Disorders of Eggplant Cultivated in Nutrients Solutions with Suppressed Macronutrients

The objective was to evaluate the effects of omitting macronutrients in the nutrients solution on growth characteristics and nutritional status of eggplants. The treatments were complete nutrients solution and solutions with nutrient omission: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S). The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions with three replicates in a completely random design. Plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, relative chlorophyll index, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, dry matter, concentration levels of macronutrients in plant aerial part and root system, and nutritional disorders were evaluated. Omitting elements interfered in the concentration of elements in the various plant tissues and this had as consequences limited vegetative growth, reduced dry matter and led to the development of the typical deficiency symptoms of each element. Although potassium was the most demanded of all elements, nitrogen and calcium were the most growth limiting ones.     

扁穗牛鞭草克隆单株地上空间拓展能力与拓展效益多样性研究

以自然高与匍匐茎长度作为横向、纵向空间拓展能力参数,以匍匐茎长与自然高度之比作为植物形态指数,以拓展的空间范围为拓展能力,以单位空间分蘖数作为拓展熵,以单位空间生物量作为拓展效益,对67份处于株型相对稳定的孕穗期的扁穗牛鞭草资源克隆单株空间拓展能力与拓展效益多样性进行了分析比较。结果表明:纵向参数的变异范围(10.67~103.00cm)、变异系数(54.39%)都大于横向参数(54.67~120.67cm、16.94%);植株形态指数变异范围为1.03~8.72,变异系数高达60.18%;拓展面积变异范围为0.72~5.53m2,变异系数为49.67%;拓展能力变异范围为0.16~5.58m3,变异系数高达104.17%;拓展熵变异系数达74.29%;拓展效益变异范围为0.38~3.16kg/m3,变异系数为50.34%。单株拓展能力与纵向拓展参数、横向拓展参数及拓展面积为正相关(相关系数分别为0.8908、0.6620、0.6749);拓展熵与拓展能力为负相关(r=-0.6255);拓展效益与拓展熵为正相关(r=0.8429),而与拓展能力为负相关(r=-0.5310)。在欧式距离15处67份材料可分为4类。扁穗牛鞭草种质资源空间拓展能力与拓展效益的多样性,为优异基因型的选择利用和优质品种的选育提供了丰富的资源基础。     

山西省草地资源人口承载量研究

为了在黄河中、上游地区加快实施中央“退耕还林还草恢复生态环境”的决策,正确估算区域人口的承载量是一项基础性的研究工作。以山西省和山西省黄河流域为研究区域,利用相关统计、试验数据,设计不同草地利用率层次和不同肉食消费水平等次,对山西省和山西省黄河流域及其各县市草地资源人口承载量进行了单项和组合型的动态变化研究,为山西省区域退耕还林还草和生态移民工作提供了理论基础。     

Effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids on Cl- adsorption by variable charge soils

Low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids exist widely in soils and have been implicated in many soil processes.The objective of the present paper was to evaluate effect of two LMW organic acids, citric acid and oxalic acid, on Cl^- adsorption by three variable charge soils, a latosol, a lateritic red soil and a red soil, using a batch method. The results showed that the presence of citric acid and oxalic acid led to a decrease in Cl- adsorption with larger decreases for citric acid. Among the different soils Cl- adsorption in the lateritic red soil and the red soil was more affected by both the LMW organic acids than that in the latosol.     

基于面向对象的元数据库设计实现网络地理空间元数据管理系统

阐述了地理空间元数据的组织结构,分析了已有元数据组织和管理模式的不足。剖析了地理空间元数据的“对象”特性,然后以面向对象的思想对地理空间元数据重新加以认识和描述,提出了基于面向对象方法的地理空间元数据组织和管理模式,克服了已有模式的不足。在此基础上设计实现了一个B/S三层体系结构的水利地理空间元数据管理系统,实现了相应的浏览、录入、查询和编辑等功能,大大提高了元数据使用和管理上的效率。     

氮肥施用对冬小麦籽粒产量和氮素表观损失的影响

Excessive nitrogen （N） fertilizer application to winter wheat is a common problem on the North China Plain. To determine the optimum fertilizer N rate for winter wheat production while minimizing N losses, field experiments were conducted for two growing seasons at eight sites, in Huimin County, Shandong Province, from 2001 to 2003. The optimum N rate for maximum grain yield was inversely related to the initial soil mineral N content （Nmin） in the top 90 cm of the soil profile before sowing. There was no yield response to the applied N at the three sites with high initial soil mineral N levels （average 212 kg N ha^-1）. The average optimum N rate was 96 kg N ha^-1 for the five sites with low initial soil Nmin （average 155 kg N ha^-1） before sowing. Residual nitrate N in the top 90 cm of the soil profile after harvest increased with increasing fertilizer N application rate. The apparent N losses during the wheat-growing season also increased with increasing N application rate. The average apparent N losses with the optimum N rates were less than 15 kg N ha^-1, whereas the farmers＇ conventional N application rate resulted in losses of more than 100 kg N ha^-1. Therefore, optimizing N use for winter wheat considerably reduced N losses to the environment without compromising crop yields.     

Drought and salinity: A comparison of their effects on mineral nutrition of plants

The increasing frequency of dry periods in many regions of the world and the problems associated with salinity in irrigated areas frequently result in the consecutive occurrence of drought and salinity on cultivated land. Currently, 50% of all irrigation schemes are affected by salinity. Nutrient disturbances under both drought and salinity reduce plant growth by affecting the availability, transport, and partitioning of nutrients. However, drought and salinity can differentially affect the mineral nutrition of plants. Salinity may cause nutrient deficiencies or imbalances, due to the competition of Na⁺ and Cl^– with nutrients such as K⁺, Ca²⁺, and NO . Drought, on the other hand, can affect nutrient uptake and impair acropetal translocation of some nutrients. Despite contradictory reports on the effects of nutrient supply on plant growth under saline or drought conditions, it is generally accepted that an increased nutrient supply will not improve plant growth when the nutrient is already present in sufficient amounts in the soil and when the drought or salt stress is severe. A better understanding of the role of mineral nutrients in plant resistance to drought and salinity will contribute to an improved fertilizer management in arid and semi‐arid areas and in regions suffering from temporary drought. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on plant nutrition under drought and salinity conditions. Specific topics include: (1) the effects of drought and salt stress on nutrient availability, uptake, transport, and accumulation in plants, (2) the interactions between nutrient supply and drought‐ or salt‐stress response, and (3) means to increase nutrient availability under drought and salinity by breeding and molecular approaches.     

Impact of land-use changes and sedimentation on the Muhammad Nur Reservoir, South Kalimantan, Indonesia

The Muhammad Nur Reservoir (MNR) is a major multipurpose reservoir located on the Riam Kanan River in the Indonesian Province of South Kalimantan. The MNR has a high sediment trap efficiency and there is concern that accelerated erosion in the catchment, resulting from inappropriate land use, poses a significant threat to the storage capacity and effective life span of the reservoir. Furthermore, on-going deforestation of large parts of the catchment may have changed the inflow pattern to the reservoir. This paper uses data from fieldwork and published information from different sources to examine the extent of erosion and sedimentation in the catchment and the sediment delivery to the reservoir. Water level variations in the reservoir over a 22-year period are examined for changes that might indicate an alteration of the hydrologic balance in the catchment.     

Soil respiration on reclaimed coal-mine spoil

Summary Measurements of soil respiration were made at a number of soil-covered reclaimed coal-mine spoil sites. Many chemical and physical soil factors likely to affect the respiration were also measured. A combination of principal component, cluster, and multiple regression analyses was used to indicate the important factors. These were found to be water-holding capacity and organic matter content. In some cases soil pH was also a controlling factor.     

南水北调中线工程丹江口库区南阳市域移民环境容量研究

丹江口水库是南水北调中线工程的水源工程 ,库区移民中南阳市占 5 3.2 %。在对南阳市域移民环境容量整体分析的基础上 ,确定了拟安置区 ,并对拟安置区的环境容量进行了计算 ,并进而提出了扩大环境容量的措施。确定的拟安置区为邓州、唐河、社旗 3县市 ,设计水平年可安置 7.32× 10 4人 ,另有约 7.0 0× 10 4 人需要出市安置